Puerto Rico (US)

Control of Corruption

• Control of Corruption55.9
  Ranked 66th▲ 2· 2024
• Government Effectiveness46.4
  Ranked 123rd▼ 4· 2024
• Political Stability & Absence of Violence73.4
  Ranked 76th▼ 15· 2024
• Rule of Law66.4
  Ranked 68th▼ 1· 2024
• Regulatory Quality65.2
  Ranked 48th▼ 4· 2024
• Voice & Accountability63.5
  Ranked 75th▲ 2· 2024
• Associational and organizational rights (E)11
  Ranked 2nd▼ 1· 2016
• Civil liberties aggregate score53
  Ranked 8th—· 2016
• Civil liberties rating (1-7)1
  Ranked 1st▼ 1· 2016
• Electoral process (A)12
  Ranked 1st—· 2016
• FIW A14
  Ranked 1st—· 2016
• FIW A24
  Ranked 1st—· 2016
• FIW A34
  Ranked 1st—· 2016
• FIW B14
  Ranked 1st—· 2016
• FIW B24
  Ranked 1st—· 2016
• FIW B33
  Ranked 2nd—· 2016
• FIW B44
  Ranked 1st—· 2016
• FIW C13
  Ranked 2nd—· 2016
• FIW C23
  Ranked 2nd—· 2016
• FIW C34
  Ranked 1st—· 2016
• FIW D14
  Ranked 1st—· 2016
• FIW D24
  Ranked 1st—· 2016
• FIW D34
  Ranked 1st—· 2016
• FIW D44
  Ranked 1st—· 2016
• FIW E14
  Ranked 1st▼ 1· 2016
• FIW E24
  Ranked 1st—· 2016
• FIW E33
  Ranked 2nd—· 2016
• FIW F13
  Ranked 2nd—· 2016
• FIW F24
  Ranked 1st—· 2016
• FIW F32
  Ranked 3rd—· 2016
• FIW F43
  Ranked 2nd—· 2016
• FIW G14
  Ranked 1st—· 2016
• FIW G24
  Ranked 1st—· 2016
• FIW G33
  Ranked 2nd—· 2016
• FIW G43
  Ranked 2nd—· 2016
• Freedom in the World total score90
  Ranked 11th▼ 1· 2016
• Freedom of expression and belief (D)16
  Ranked 1st—· 2016
• Functioning of government (C)10
  Ranked 3rd—· 2016
• Intentional homicides, female (per 100,000 female)2.4
  Ranked 60th▼ 18· 2023
• Intentional homicides, male (per 100,000 male)27.7
  Ranked 69th▼ 14· 2023
• Internally displaced persons, new displacement associated with disasters (number of cases)49,000
  Ranked 89th▲ 25· 2022
• Personal autonomy and individual rights (G)14
  Ranked 3rd—· 2016
• Political pluralism and participation (B)15
  Ranked 2nd—· 2016
• Political rights aggregate score37
  Ranked 4th—· 2016
• Political rights rating (1-7)1
  Ranked 1st—· 2016
• Rule of law (F)12
  Ranked 5th—· 2016
• School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)1
  Ranked 12th▲ 8· 2013
• Statistical performance indicators (SPI): Pillar 1 data use score (scale 0-100)50
  Ranked 13th—· 2024
• Statistical performance indicators (SPI): Pillar 3 data products score (scale 0-100)35.2
  Ranked 194th▼ 2· 2024

GDP

• GDP129.37B
  Ranked 64th▲ 2· 2025
• GDP per capita, PPP44,603.2
  Ranked 41st▼ 5· 2025
• GDP growth0.32%
  Ranked 173rd▲ 63· 2025
• Unemployment6%
  Ranked 110th▲ 5· 2025
• Trade openness90.5%
  Ranked 59th▼ 8· 2025
• Gross capital formation14.2%
  Ranked 120th▼ 31· 2025
• R&D expenditure0.43%
  Ranked 60th—· 2015
• Researchers in R&D332.4
  Ranked 66th▲ 2· 2015
• Youth unemployment14%
  Ranked 101st▲ 6· 2025
• Agricultural employment1.1%
  Ranked 170th—· 2025
• Vulnerable employment10.3%
  Ranked 41st—· 2025
• Agriculture value added0.69%
  Ranked 149th▼ 23· 2025
• Industry value added47%
  Ranked 8th▼ 2· 2025
• GDP per capita (nominal)40,620.2
  Ranked 29th▼ 6· 2025
• Access to electricity, rural (% of rural population)100
  Ranked 1st—· 2024
• Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, female (% of population ages 15+)66.1
  Ranked 51st· 2014
• Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, male (% of population ages 15+)73.7
  Ranked 50th· 2014
• Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population ages 15+)69.7
  Ranked 52nd· 2014
• Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, older adults (% of population ages 25+)75.3
  Ranked 50th· 2014
• Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, poorest 40% (% of population ages 15+)56
  Ranked 55th· 2014
• Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, primary education or less (% of population ages 15+)49
  Ranked 44th· 2014
• Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, richest 60% (% of population ages 15+)78.8
  Ranked 49th· 2014
• Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, secondary education or more (% of population ages 15+)77.5
  Ranked 50th· 2014
• Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, young adults (% of population ages 15-24)45
  Ranked 58th· 2014
• Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage (current US$)56.91M
  Ranked 163rd▲ 2· 2021
• Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage (% of GNI)0.08
  Ranked 186th▼ 5· 2021
• Adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital (current US$)14.09B
  Ranked 58th▲ 1· 2021
• Adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)19.1
  Ranked 28th▼ 3· 2021
• Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$)6.35B
  Ranked 53rd▲ 1· 2021
• Adjusted savings: education expenditure (% of GNI)8.6
  Ranked 9th—· 2021
• Adjusted savings: energy depletion (current US$)0
  Ranked 138th▼ 1· 2021
• Adjusted savings: energy depletion (% of GNI)0
  Ranked 128th▼ 5· 2021
• Adjusted savings: mineral depletion (current US$)0
  Ranked 94th▲ 2· 2021
• Adjusted savings: mineral depletion (% of GNI)0
  Ranked 88th—· 2021
• Adjusted savings: particulate emission damage (current US$)43.47M
  Ranked 41st▼ 4· 2021
• Adjusted savings: particulate emission damage (% of GNI)0.06
  Ranked 22nd▼ 1· 2021
• Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land)10.7
  Ranked 16th▼ 8· 2012
• Agricultural land (% of land area)19
  Ranked 156th▲ 1· 2023
• Agricultural land (sq. km)1,689
  Ranked 159th—· 2023
• Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (constant 2015 US$)854.9M
  Ranked 135th· 2015
• Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (current LCU)887.2M
  Ranked 139th▼ 16· 2025
• Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (current US$)887.2M
  Ranked 123rd▼ 8· 2025
• Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added per worker (constant 2015 US$)63,613.8
  Ranked 12th· 2015
• Annual freshwater withdrawals, agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)3.5
  Ranked 163rd▼ 2· 2022
• Annual freshwater withdrawals, domestic (% of total freshwater withdrawal)24.3
  Ranked 78th▼ 5· 2022
• Annual freshwater withdrawals, industry (% of total freshwater withdrawal)72.2
  Ranked 10th▼ 1· 2022
• Arable land (hectares)50,200
  Ranked 158th▲ 1· 2023
• Arable land (hectares per person)0.02
  Ranked 182nd—· 2023
• Arable land (% of land area)5.7
  Ranked 129th—· 2023
• Average hourly earnings of employees by sex and disability status (local currency)14.4
  Ranked 14th▲ 8· 2020
• Average hourly earnings of employees by sex and economic activity (local currency)14.4
  Ranked 35th▲ 8· 2020
• Average hourly earnings of employees by sex and education (local currency)14.4
  Ranked 32nd▲ 6· 2020
• Average hourly earnings of employees by sex and marital status (local currency)14.4
  Ranked 33rd▲ 6· 2020
• Average hourly earnings of employees by sex and occupation (local currency)14.4
  Ranked 47th▲ 12· 2020
• Average hourly earnings of employees by sex (local currency)14.4
  Ranked 35th▲ 8· 2020
• Average monthly earnings of employees ages 25 to 54 by sex, household type and presence of children (local currency)2,521
  Ranked 16th—· 2020
• Average monthly earnings of employees by sex and disability status (local currency)2,232.8
  Ranked 34th▲ 10· 2020
• Average monthly earnings of employees by sex and education (local currency)2,232.8
  Ranked 53rd▲ 7· 2020
• Average monthly earnings of employees by sex and marital status (local currency)2,232.8
  Ranked 54th▲ 5· 2020
• Average monthly earnings of employees by sex and occupation (local currency)2,232.8
  Ranked 62nd▲ 5· 2020
• Average monthly earnings of employees by sex (local currency)2,232.8
  Ranked 56th▲ 8· 2020
• Average precipitation in depth (mm per year)2,054
  Ranked 28th—· 2022
• Average weekly hours actually worked per employed person by economic activity and occupation35.8
  Ranked 68th▲ 5· 2020
• Average weekly hours actually worked per employed person by sex35.8
  Ranked 70th▲ 7· 2020
• Average weekly hours actually worked per employed person by sex and economic activity35.8
  Ranked 77th▲ 3· 2020
• Average weekly hours actually worked per employed person by sex and occupation35.8
  Ranked 73rd▲ 1· 2020
• Average weekly hours actually worked per employed person by sex, economic activity and disability status35.8
  Ranked 17th▲ 10· 2020
• Average weekly hours actually worked per employed person by sex, economic activity and education35.8
  Ranked 64th▲ 3· 2020
• Average weekly hours actually worked per employed person by sex, economic activity and marital status35.8
  Ranked 65th▲ 6· 2020
• Average weekly hours actually worked per employed person by sex -- ILO modelled estimates, Nov. 202538.3
  Ranked 92nd—· 2027
• Average weekly hours actually worked per employed person by sex, occupation and disability status35.8
  Ranked 17th▲ 10· 2020
• Average weekly hours actually worked per employed person by sex, occupation and education35.8
  Ranked 63rd▲ 2· 2020
• Average weekly hours actually worked per employed person by sex, occupation and marital status35.8
  Ranked 64th▲ 5· 2020
• Average weekly hours actually worked per employee by economic activity and occupation36
  Ranked 70th▲ 8· 2020
• Average weekly hours actually worked per employee by sex36
  Ranked 73rd▲ 11· 2020
• Average weekly hours actually worked per employee by sex and disability status36
  Ranked 18th▲ 10· 2020
• Average weekly hours actually worked per employee by sex and economic activity36
  Ranked 78th▲ 5· 2020
• Average weekly hours actually worked per employee by sex and education36
  Ranked 66th▲ 6· 2020
• Average weekly hours actually worked per employee by sex and marital status36
  Ranked 54th▲ 6· 2020
• Average weekly hours actually worked per employee by sex and occupation36
  Ranked 78th▲ 7· 2020
• Average weekly hours actually worked per employee by sex, economic activity and disability status36
  Ranked 18th▲ 10· 2020
• Average weekly hours actually worked per employee by sex, economic activity and education36
  Ranked 65th▲ 5· 2020
• Average weekly hours actually worked per employee by sex, economic activity and marital status36
  Ranked 64th▲ 6· 2020
• Average weekly hours actually worked per employee by sex, occupation and disability status36
  Ranked 18th▲ 10· 2020
• Average weekly hours actually worked per employee by sex, occupation and education36
  Ranked 65th▲ 5· 2020
• Average weekly hours actually worked per employee by sex, occupation and marital status36
  Ranked 64th▲ 6· 2020
• Average weekly hours usually worked per employed person by sex35.8
  Ranked 70th—· 2020
• Average weekly hours usually worked per employee by sex36
  Ranked 65th—· 2020
• Cases of fatal occupational injury by economic activity29
  Ranked 44th▼ 2· 2015
• Cases of fatal occupational injury by sex and migrant status29
  Ranked 45th▼ 2· 2015
• Cases of non-fatal occupational injury by economic activity15,500
  Ranked 39th▲ 3· 1991
• Cases of non-fatal occupational injury by sex and migrant status21
  Ranked 62nd▲ 28· 2015
• Cereal production (metric tons)3,952.4
  Ranked 160th▼ 2· 2023
• Cereals, primary production3,730.8
  Ranked 159th—· 2024
• Cereal yield (kg per hectare)3,612.4
  Ranked 75th▼ 10· 2023
• Changes in inventories (constant LCU)-5.13B
  Ranked 49th▼ 29· 2025
• Changes in inventories (current LCU)440.6M
  Ranked 71st▼ 16· 2025
• Changes in inventories (current US$)440.6M
  Ranked 56th▼ 4· 2025
• Chemicals (% of value added in manufacturing)29.2
  Ranked 5th▼ 3· 2023
• Container port traffic (TEU: 20 foot equivalent units)1.3M
  Ranked 61st▲ 2· 2024
• Contributing family workers, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate)0.8
  Ranked 130th▼ 3· 2025
• Contributing family workers, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate)0.19
  Ranked 152nd▼ 3· 2025
• Contributing family workers, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)0.47
  Ranked 140th▼ 1· 2025
• Crop production index (2014-2016 = 100)107.5
  Ranked 88th▲ 2· 2022
• Days lost due to cases of occupational injury with temporary incapacity for work by economic activity1.11M
  Ranked 17th▼ 6· 1992
• Days lost due to cases of occupational injury with temporary incapacity for work by sex and migrant status1.11M
  Ranked 17th▼ 6· 1992
• Days not worked due to strikes and lockouts by economic activity504
  Ranked 45th▼ 5· 2008
• DEC alternative conversion factor (LCU per US$)1
  Ranked 132nd▼ 1· 2025
• Discrepancy in expenditure estimate of GDP (current LCU)-5.12B
  Ranked 75th▼ 20· 2025
• Employees by economic activity and occupation (thousands)898.1
  Ranked 71st▲ 4· 2020
• Employees by sex and disability status (thousands)898.1
  Ranked 38th▲ 3· 2020
• Employees by sex and economic activity (thousands)898.1
  Ranked 83rd▲ 3· 2020
• Employees by sex and education (thousands)898.1
  Ranked 66th▲ 1· 2020
• Employees by sex and marital status (thousands)898.1
  Ranked 68th▲ 1· 2020
• Employees by sex and occupation (thousands)898.1
  Ranked 78th▲ 7· 2020
• Employees by sex and weekly hours actually worked (thousands)898.1
  Ranked 67th▼ 1· 2020
• Employees by sex, economic activity and disability status (thousands)898.1
  Ranked 38th▲ 3· 2020
• Employees by sex, economic activity and education (thousands)898.1
  Ranked 65th—· 2020
• Employees by sex, economic activity and marital status (thousands)898.1
  Ranked 67th—· 2020
• Employees by sex, education and disability status (thousands)898.1
  Ranked 38th▲ 3· 2020
• Employees by sex, education and marital status (thousands)898.1
  Ranked 63rd▼ 2· 2020
• Employees by sex, marital status and disability status (thousands)898.1
  Ranked 38th▲ 3· 2020
• Employees by sex, occupation and disability status (thousands)898.1
  Ranked 38th▲ 3· 2020
• Employees by sex, occupation and education (thousands)898.1
  Ranked 64th▲ 1· 2020
• Employees by sex, occupation and marital status (thousands)898.1
  Ranked 67th▲ 2· 2020
• Employers, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate)1.7
  Ranked 106th▲ 2· 2025
• Employers, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate)2.8
  Ranked 131st—· 2025
• Employers, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)2.3
  Ranked 130th▼ 1· 2025
• Employment by economic activity and occupation (thousands)1,029.3
  Ranked 80th▲ 4· 2020
• Employment by sex and disability status (thousands)1,029.3
  Ranked 42nd▲ 4· 2020
• Employment by sex and economic activity -- 19th ICLS (thousands)1,029.3
  Ranked 54th▲ 13· 2020
• Employment by sex and economic activity -- ILO modelled estimates, Nov. 2025 (thousands)1,154.9
  Ranked 136th—· 2025
• Employment by sex and economic activity (thousands)1,163.8
  Ranked 57th▼ 23· 2025
• Employment by sex and education (thousands)1,029.3
  Ranked 75th▲ 2· 2020
• Employment by sex and marital status (thousands)1,029.3
  Ranked 76th▲ 1· 2020
• Employment by sex and occupation -- 19th ICLS (thousands)1,029.3
  Ranked 51st▲ 13· 2020
• Employment by sex and occupation -- ILO modelled estimates, Nov. 2025 (thousands)1,154.9
  Ranked 136th—· 2025
• Employment by sex and occupation (thousands)1,029.3
  Ranked 83rd▲ 5· 2020
• Employment by sex and status in employment -- ILO modelled estimates, Nov. 2025 (thousands)1,154.9
  Ranked 136th—· 2025
• Employment by sex and status in employment (thousands)1,029.3
  Ranked 90th▲ 4· 2020
• Employment by sex and weekly hours actually worked (thousands)1,029.3
  Ranked 77th▲ 4· 2020
• Employment by sex, economic activity and disability status (thousands)1,029.3
  Ranked 41st▲ 3· 2020
• Employment by sex, economic activity and education (thousands)1,029.3
  Ranked 76th▼ 3· 2020
• Employment by sex, economic activity and marital status (thousands)1,029.3
  Ranked 74th▼ 1· 2020
• Employment by sex, educational mismatch - normative approach and disability status (thousands)1,029.3
  Ranked 16th▲ 4· 2020
• Employment by sex, educational mismatch - normative approach and economic activity (thousands)1,029.3
  Ranked 61st▼ 4· 2020
• Employment by sex, educational mismatch - normative approach and education (thousands)1,029.3
  Ranked 61st▼ 4· 2020
• Employment by sex, educational mismatch - normative approach and marital status (thousands)1,029.3
  Ranked 46th▼ 5· 2020
• Employment by sex, educational mismatch - normative approach and status in employment (thousands)1,029.3
  Ranked 61st▼ 4· 2020
• Employment by sex, education and disability status (thousands)1,029.3
  Ranked 42nd▲ 4· 2020
• Employment by sex, education and marital status (thousands)1,029.3
  Ranked 71st▼ 2· 2020
• Employment by sex, marital status and disability status (thousands)1,029.3
  Ranked 42nd▲ 4· 2020
• Employment by sex, occupation and disability status (thousands)1,029.3
  Ranked 40th▲ 3· 2020
• Employment by sex, occupation and education (thousands)1,029.3
  Ranked 70th—· 2020
• Employment by sex, occupation and marital status (thousands)1,029.3
  Ranked 73rd▲ 1· 2020
• Employment by sex, status in employment and disability status (thousands)1,029.3
  Ranked 41st▲ 3· 2020
• Employment by sex, status in employment and economic activity (thousands)1,029.3
  Ranked 81st▲ 5· 2020
• Employment by sex, status in employment and education (thousands)1,029.3
  Ranked 74th▲ 1· 2020
• Employment by sex, status in employment and marital status (thousands)1,029.3
  Ranked 75th—· 2020
• Employment by sex, status in employment and occupation (thousands)1,029.3
  Ranked 78th▲ 5· 2020
• Employment by sex, weekly hours actually worked and disability status (thousands)1,029.3
  Ranked 16th▲ 7· 2020
• Employment by sex, weekly hours actually worked and education (thousands)1,029.3
  Ranked 68th▲ 6· 2020
• Employment by sex, weekly hours actually worked and marital status (thousands)1,029.3
  Ranked 68th▲ 6· 2020
• Employment in agriculture, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate)0.37
  Ranked 171st▼ 1· 2025
• Employment in agriculture, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate)1.8
  Ranked 167th—· 2025
• Employment in industry, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate)7.8
  Ranked 127th—· 2025
• Employment in industry, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate)20.8
  Ranked 126th▲ 1· 2025
• Employment in industry (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)14.7
  Ranked 141st▲ 3· 2025
• Employment in services, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate)91.9
  Ranked 18th—· 2025
• Employment in services, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate)77.4
  Ranked 7th—· 2025
• Employment in services (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)84.1
  Ranked 9th▼ 1· 2025
• Employment to population ratio, 15+, female (%) (modeled ILO estimate)35
  Ranked 151st▼ 3· 2025
• Employment to population ratio, 15+, female (%) (national estimate)33.3
  Ranked 105th▼ 1· 2020
• Employment to population ratio, 15+, male (%) (modeled ILO estimate)46.2
  Ranked 173rd▼ 1· 2025
• Employment to population ratio, 15+, male (%) (national estimate)41.6
  Ranked 117th▲ 4· 2020
• Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (modeled ILO estimate)40.2
  Ranked 164th—· 2025
• Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (national estimate)37.2
  Ranked 113th▼ 4· 2020
• Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, female (%) (modeled ILO estimate)14.2
  Ranked 157th—· 2025
• Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, female (%) (national estimate)20
  Ranked 81st▼ 11· 2020
• Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, male (%) (modeled ILO estimate)22.9
  Ranked 166th▼ 1· 2025
• Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, male (%) (national estimate)21.8
  Ranked 106th▲ 12· 2020
• Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total (%) (modeled ILO estimate)18.6
  Ranked 165th▲ 1· 2025
• Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total (%) (national estimate)20.9
  Ranked 100th▲ 7· 2020
• Employment-to-population ratio by sex and disability status (%)37.2
  Ranked 52nd▲ 7· 2020
• Employment-to-population ratio by sex and education (%)37.2
  Ranked 93rd▲ 3· 2020
• Employment-to-population ratio by sex and marital status (%)37.2
  Ranked 92nd▲ 2· 2020
• Employment-to-population ratio by sex, education and disability status (%)37.2
  Ranked 52nd▲ 7· 2020
• Employment-to-population ratio by sex, education and marital status (%)37.2
  Ranked 86th▼ 2· 2020
• Employment-to-population ratio by sex, marital status and disability status (%)37.2
  Ranked 52nd▲ 7· 2020
• Employment-to-population ratio for persons ages 25 to 54 by sex, household type and presence of children (%)64
  Ranked 56th▲ 3· 2020
• Exports of goods and services (constant 2015 US$)69.46B
  Ranked 47th· 2015
• Exports of goods and services (current LCU)60.65B
  Ranked 112th▼ 15· 2025
• Exports of goods and services (current US$)60.65B
  Ranked 52nd▼ 2· 2025
• Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)46.9
  Ranked 43rd▼ 7· 2025
• External balance on goods and services (current LCU)4.28B
  Ranked 50th▼ 1· 2025
• External balance on goods and services (current US$)4.28B
  Ranked 41st▲ 7· 2025
• External balance on goods and services (% of GDP)3.3
  Ranked 39th▲ 18· 2025
• Fatal occupational injuries per 100'000 workers by economic activity8.2
  Ranked 14th▼ 29· 2005
• Fatal occupational injuries per 100'000 workers by sex and migrant status8.2
  Ranked 13th▼ 29· 2005
• Female share of low pay earners (%)50.9
  Ranked 19th▼ 12· 2020
• Fertilizer consumption (kilograms per hectare of arable land)36.7
  Ranked 131st▲ 1· 2023
• Final consumption expenditure (annual % growth)3.2
  Ranked 68th▼ 44· 2025
• Final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$)98.19B
  Ranked 52nd▼ 6· 2025
• Final consumption expenditure (constant LCU)98.87B
  Ranked 105th▼ 12· 2025
• Final consumption expenditure (current LCU)111.79B
  Ranked 110th▼ 19· 2025
• Final consumption expenditure (current US$)111.79B
  Ranked 54th▼ 6· 2025
• Final consumption expenditure (% of GDP)86.4
  Ranked 39th▼ 19· 2025
• Fixed broadband subscriptions907,465
  Ranked 76th▼ 8· 2024
• Fixed telephone subscriptions773,022
  Ranked 62nd▼ 8· 2024
• Fixed telephone subscriptions (per 100 people)23.8
  Ranked 32nd▼ 11· 2024
• Food, beverages and tobacco (% of value added in manufacturing)3.3
  Ranked 85th▼ 17· 2023
• Food production index (2014-2016 = 100)95.3
  Ranked 161st▼ 7· 2022
• Forest area (sq. km)4,978
  Ranked 141st—· 2023
• Fruit, primary production281,943.7
  Ranked 120th▼ 1· 2024
• GDP (constant 2015 US$)99.53B
  Ranked 65th▼ 1· 2025
• GDP (constant LCU)103.86B
  Ranked 128th▼ 4· 2025
• GDP (current LCU)129.37B
  Ranked 137th▼ 5· 2025
• GDP deflator (base year varies by country)124.6
  Ranked 125th▼ 6· 2025
• GDP deflator: linked series (base year varies by country)124.6
  Ranked 125th▼ 6· 2025
• GDP: linked series (current LCU)129.37B
  Ranked 137th▼ 5· 2025
• GDP per capita (constant 2015 US$)31,249.7
  Ranked 32nd▼ 8· 2025
• GDP per capita (constant LCU)32,612.1
  Ranked 120th▼ 11· 2025
• GDP per capita (current LCU)40,620.2
  Ranked 132nd▼ 13· 2025
• GDP per capita growth (annual %)0.87
  Ranked 140th▲ 79· 2025
• GDP per capita, PPP (current international $)52,195.6
  Ranked 42nd▼ 6· 2025
• GDP per person employed (constant 2021 PPP $)124,953.5
  Ranked 21st▲ 1· 2025
• GDP, PPP (constant 2021 international $)142.05B
  Ranked 86th▲ 1· 2025
• GDP, PPP (current international $)166.23B
  Ranked 86th—· 2025
• Gender wage gap by occupation (%)7.5
  Ranked 20th▼ 7· 2020
• General government final consumption expenditure (annual % growth)0.24
  Ranked 106th▼ 39· 2025
• General government final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$)9.59B
  Ranked 62nd▼ 8· 2025
• General government final consumption expenditure (constant LCU)9.64B
  Ranked 115th▼ 16· 2025
• General government final consumption expenditure (current LCU)9.96B
  Ranked 120th▼ 22· 2025
• General government final consumption expenditure (current US$)9.96B
  Ranked 73rd▼ 5· 2025
• General government final consumption expenditure (% of GDP)7.7
  Ranked 124th▼ 33· 2025
• Gini index of hourly earnings of employees by sex0.44
  Ranked 24th▲ 4· 2020
• Gini index of hourly earnings of employees by sex and disability status0.44
  Ranked 8th▲ 3· 2020
• Gini index of hourly earnings of employees by sex and economic activity0.44
  Ranked 24th▲ 4· 2020
• Gini index of hourly earnings of employees by sex and education0.44
  Ranked 22nd▲ 2· 2020
• Gini index of hourly earnings of employees by sex and marital status0.44
  Ranked 22nd▲ 3· 2020
• Gini index of hourly earnings of employees by sex and occupation0.44
  Ranked 23rd▲ 4· 2020
• Gini index of monthly earnings of employees by sex0.46
  Ranked 61st▲ 4· 2020
• Gini index of monthly earnings of employees by sex and disability status0.46
  Ranked 43rd▲ 10· 2020
• Gini index of monthly earnings of employees by sex and economic activity0.46
  Ranked 60th▲ 3· 2020
• Gini index of monthly earnings of employees by sex and education0.46
  Ranked 58th▲ 3· 2020
• Gini index of monthly earnings of employees by sex and marital status0.46
  Ranked 58th▲ 2· 2020
• Gini index of monthly earnings of employees by sex and occupation0.46
  Ranked 58th▲ 2· 2020
• GNI, Atlas method (current US$)87B
  Ranked 77th▲ 4· 2025
• GNI (constant 2015 US$)69.6B
  Ranked 68th· 2015
• GNI (current LCU)87.57B
  Ranked 141st▼ 6· 2025
• GNI (current US$)87.57B
  Ranked 78th▲ 4· 2025
• GNI: linked series (current LCU)87.57B
  Ranked 141st▼ 5· 2025
• GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)27,320
  Ranked 39th▼ 11· 2025
• GNI per capita (constant 2015 US$)19,688.5
  Ranked 48th· 2015
• GNI per capita (current LCU)27,496.3
  Ranked 149th▼ 13· 2025
• GNI per capita, PPP (constant 2021 international $)27,956.5
  Ranked 64th· 2021
• GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)35,330
  Ranked 57th▼ 9· 2025
• GNI, PPP (constant 2021 international $)91.21B
  Ranked 95th· 2021
• GNI, PPP (current international $)112.53B
  Ranked 92nd▼ 3· 2025
• Gross capital formation (annual % growth)3.4
  Ranked 78th▼ 77· 2025
• Gross capital formation (constant 2015 US$)6.61B
  Ranked 82nd▼ 11· 2025
• Gross capital formation (constant LCU)8.72B
  Ranked 111th▼ 18· 2025
• Gross capital formation (current LCU)18.41B
  Ranked 113th▼ 21· 2025
• Gross capital formation (current US$)18.41B
  Ranked 66th▼ 8· 2025
• Gross Domestic Product, GDP in millions constant 2021 international $ at PPP -- ILO modelled estimates, Nov. 2025141,474.7
  Ranked 89th—· 2027
• Gross domestic savings (current LCU)17.58B
  Ranked 106th▼ 12· 2025
• Gross domestic savings (current US$)17.58B
  Ranked 69th▼ 8· 2025
• Gross domestic savings (% of GDP)13.6
  Ranked 95th▼ 18· 2025
• Gross fixed capital formation (annual % growth)2
  Ranked 81st▼ 15· 2025
• Gross fixed capital formation (constant 2015 US$)13.68B
  Ranked 66th▼ 9· 2025
• Gross fixed capital formation (constant LCU)13.84B
  Ranked 107th▼ 15· 2025
• Gross fixed capital formation (current LCU)17.97B
  Ranked 112th▼ 23· 2025
• Gross fixed capital formation (current US$)17.97B
  Ranked 66th▼ 8· 2025
• Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)13.9
  Ranked 116th▼ 34· 2025
• Gross fixed capital formation, private sector (current LCU)16.73B
  Ranked 42nd▼ 12· 2025
• Gross fixed capital formation, private sector (% of GDP)12.9
  Ranked 34th▼ 9· 2025
• Gross national expenditure (constant 2015 US$)104.8B
  Ranked 51st▼ 7· 2025
• Gross national expenditure (constant LCU)107.59B
  Ranked 100th▼ 14· 2025
• Gross national expenditure (current LCU)130.2B
  Ranked 109th▼ 20· 2025
• Gross national expenditure (current US$)130.2B
  Ranked 57th▼ 6· 2025
• Gross national expenditure deflator (base year varies by country)121
  Ranked 94th▼ 10· 2025
• Gross national expenditure (% of GDP)100.6
  Ranked 72nd▼ 32· 2025
• Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (constant 2015 US$)103B
  Ranked 57th· 2015
• Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (current LCU)128.88B
  Ranked 118th▼ 15· 2025
• Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (current US$)128.88B
  Ranked 54th▼ 5· 2025
• Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (annual % growth)3.5
  Ranked 57th▼ 41· 2025
• Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (constant 2015 US$)88.6B
  Ranked 50th▼ 6· 2025
• Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (constant LCU)89.23B
  Ranked 102nd▼ 13· 2025
• Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (current LCU)101.83B
  Ranked 108th▼ 18· 2025
• Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (current US$)101.83B
  Ranked 53rd▼ 4· 2025
• Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure: linked series (current LCU)101.83B
  Ranked 108th▼ 17· 2025
• Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (% of GDP)78.7
  Ranked 23rd▼ 14· 2025
• Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure per capita (constant 2015 US$)27,820.2
  Ranked 8th▼ 3· 2025
• Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure per capita growth (annual %)4.1
  Ranked 28th▼ 37· 2025
• Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure, PPP (constant 2021 international $)102.22B
  Ranked 65th▼ 8· 2025
• Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure, PPP (current international $)89.03B
  Ranked 77th▼ 5· 2021
• Imports of goods and services (constant 2015 US$)43.09B
  Ranked 60th· 2015
• Imports of goods and services (current LCU)56.37B
  Ranked 114th▼ 18· 2025
• Imports of goods and services (current US$)56.37B
  Ranked 57th▼ 5· 2025
• Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)43.6
  Ranked 65th▼ 24· 2025
• Inactivity rate by sex and disability status (%)56.1
  Ranked 4th▲ 2· 2020
• Inactivity rate by sex and education (%)56.1
  Ranked 7th▲ 2· 2020
• Inactivity rate by sex and marital status (%)56.1
  Ranked 7th▲ 2· 2020
• Inactivity rate by sex, education and disability status (%)56.1
  Ranked 4th▲ 2· 2020
• Inactivity rate by sex, education and marital status (%)56.1
  Ranked 7th▲ 2· 2020
• Inactivity rate by sex, marital status and disability status (%)56.1
  Ranked 4th▲ 2· 2020
• Individuals using the Internet, female (% of female population)87.7
  Ranked 33rd▼ 3· 2022
• Individuals using the Internet, male (% of male population)86.9
  Ranked 40th▼ 6· 2022
• Industry (including construction), value added (constant 2015 US$)52.66B
  Ranked 52nd· 2015
• Industry (including construction), value added (current LCU)60.84B
  Ranked 112th▼ 10· 2025
• Industry (including construction), value added (current US$)60.84B
  Ranked 47th▼ 3· 2025
• Industry (including construction), value added per worker (constant 2015 US$)331,938.6
  Ranked 1st· 2015
• Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)2.3
  Ranked 61st▼ 9· 2025
• Inflation, GDP deflator: linked series (annual %)2.3
  Ranked 61st▼ 9· 2025
• International migrant stock (% of population)6.9
  Ranked 90th▲ 8· 2024
• International migrant stock, total223,323
  Ranked 110th▲ 7· 2024
• International tourism, expenditures (current US$)893M
  Ranked 87th▲ 7· 2018
• International tourism, expenditures for passenger transport items (current US$)301M
  Ranked 55th▲ 3· 2018
• International tourism, expenditures for travel items (current US$)592M
  Ranked 95th▲ 5· 2018
• International tourism, number of arrivals3.88M
  Ranked 28th▼ 40· 2020
• International tourism, number of departures792,000
  Ranked 85th—· 2017
• International tourism, receipts (current US$)2.92B
  Ranked 34th▼ 20· 2020
• Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15-64) (modeled ILO estimate)50.6
  Ranked 136th▼ 2· 2025
• Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15+) (national estimate)39.5
  Ranked 104th▼ 5· 2020
• Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, female (%) (modeled ILO estimate)16
  Ranked 162nd▲ 2· 2025
• Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, female (%) (national estimate)30.1
  Ranked 62nd▼ 39· 2020
• Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, male (%) (modeled ILO estimate)27.1
  Ranked 170th▲ 1· 2025
• Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, male (%) (national estimate)33.5
  Ranked 101st▲ 1· 2020
• Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, total (%) (modeled ILO estimate)21.7
  Ranked 174th—· 2025
• Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, total (%) (national estimate)31.9
  Ranked 84th▼ 17· 2020
• Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15-64) (modeled ILO estimate)63.4
  Ranked 166th▲ 1· 2025
• Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate)49.6
  Ranked 177th—· 2025
• Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15+) (national estimate)49
  Ranked 117th▼ 2· 2020
• Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15-64) (modeled ILO estimate)56.8
  Ranked 152nd—· 2025
• Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate)42.8
  Ranked 166th▼ 2· 2025
• Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+) (national estimate)43.9
  Ranked 112th▼ 8· 2020
• Labor force with advanced education, female (% of female working-age population with advanced education)61.6
  Ranked 87th—· 2020
• Labor force with advanced education, male (% of male working-age population with advanced education)70.1
  Ranked 96th▲ 7· 2020
• Labor force with advanced education (% of total working-age population with advanced education)64.9
  Ranked 94th—· 2020
• Labor force with basic education, female (% of female working-age population with basic education)7.8
  Ranked 97th▼ 2· 2020
• Labor force with basic education, male (% of male working-age population with basic education)22
  Ranked 100th▲ 1· 2020
• Labor force with basic education (% of total working-age population with basic education)15.2
  Ranked 100th—· 2020
• Labor force with intermediate education, female (% of female working-age population with intermediate education)32
  Ranked 92nd▼ 4· 2020
• Labor force with intermediate education, male (% of male working-age population with intermediate education)48.1
  Ranked 102nd—· 2020
• Labor force with intermediate education (% of total working-age population with intermediate education)40.2
  Ranked 101st—· 2020
• Labour dependency ratio -- ILO modelled estimates, Nov. 20251.8
  Ranked 47th▲ 1· 2027
• Labour force by sex and disability status (thousands)1,215.8
  Ranked 43rd▲ 6· 2020
• Labour force by sex and education (thousands)1,215.8
  Ranked 76th▲ 4· 2020
• Labour force by sex and marital status (thousands)1,215.8
  Ranked 77th▲ 3· 2020
• Labour force by sex, education and disability status (thousands)1,215.8
  Ranked 43rd▲ 6· 2020
• Labour force by sex, education and marital status (thousands)1,215.8
  Ranked 72nd—· 2020
• Labour force by sex, marital status and disability status (thousands)1,215.8
  Ranked 43rd▲ 6· 2020
• Labour force participation rate by sex and disability status (%)43.9
  Ranked 51st▲ 6· 2020
• Labour force participation rate by sex and education (%)43.9
  Ranked 92nd▲ 4· 2020
• Labour force participation rate by sex and marital status (%)43.9
  Ranked 91st▲ 3· 2020
• Labour force participation rate by sex, education and disability status (%)43.9
  Ranked 51st▲ 6· 2020
• Labour force participation rate by sex, education and marital status (%)43.9
  Ranked 85th▼ 1· 2020
• Labour force participation rate by sex, marital status and disability status (%)43.9
  Ranked 51st▲ 6· 2020
• Labour force participation rate for persons ages 25 to 54 by sex, household type and presence of children (%)72
  Ranked 54th▲ 1· 2020
• Labour income share as a percent of GDP -- ILO modelled estimates, Nov. 2025 (%)58.9
  Ranked 19th—· 2026
• Land area (sq. km)8,870
  Ranked 165th—· 2023
• Land under cereal production (hectares)1,094
  Ranked 164th—· 2023
• Liner shipping connectivity index (maximum value in 2004 = 100)12.8
  Ranked 86th▲ 1· 2021
• Livestock production index (2014-2016 = 100)89.3
  Ranked 173rd▼ 4· 2022
• Low pay rate by sex (%)20.9
  Ranked 26th▼ 3· 2020
• LU2: Combined rate of time-related underemployment and unemployment by sex -- ILO modelled estimates, Nov. 2025 (%)12.1
  Ranked 111th▲ 1· 2027
• Machinery and transport equipment (% of value added in manufacturing)0
  Ranked 78th▼ 19· 2023
• Manufacturing, value added (constant 2015 US$)49.52B
  Ranked 34th· 2015
• Manufacturing, value added (current LCU)56.89B
  Ranked 89th▼ 14· 2025
• Manufacturing, value added (current US$)56.89B
  Ranked 31st▼ 4· 2025
• Manufacturing, value added (% of GDP)44
  Ranked 1st—· 2025
• Meat, total production35,720.8
  Ranked 149th▼ 6· 2024
• Median hourly earnings of employees by sex and disability status (local currency)9.7
  Ranked 13th▲ 7· 2020
• Median hourly earnings of employees by sex and economic activity (local currency)9.7
  Ranked 32nd▲ 4· 2020
• Median hourly earnings of employees by sex and education (local currency)9.7
  Ranked 29th▲ 2· 2020
• Median hourly earnings of employees by sex and marital status (local currency)9.7
  Ranked 31st▲ 3· 2020
• Median hourly earnings of employees by sex and occupation (local currency)9.7
  Ranked 31st▲ 4· 2020
• Median hourly earnings of employees by sex (local currency)9.7
  Ranked 32nd▲ 4· 2020
• Median monthly earnings of employees by sex and disability status (local currency)1,575
  Ranked 37th▲ 10· 2020
• Median monthly earnings of employees by sex and economic activity (local currency)1,575
  Ranked 56th▲ 6· 2020
• Median monthly earnings of employees by sex and education (local currency)1,575
  Ranked 54th▲ 6· 2020
• Median monthly earnings of employees by sex and marital status (local currency)1,575
  Ranked 56th▲ 5· 2020
• Median monthly earnings of employees by sex and occupation (local currency)1,575
  Ranked 54th▲ 6· 2020
• Median monthly earnings of employees by sex (local currency)1,575
  Ranked 57th▲ 7· 2020
• Milk, total production221,072.6
  Ranked 120th▼ 1· 2024
• Mobile cellular subscriptions4.1M
  Ranked 111th▼ 12· 2024
• Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)126.4
  Ranked 59th▼ 12· 2024
• NEET rate: Share of youth not in employment, education or training by sex (%)19.5
  Ranked 45th▲ 19· 2020
• NEET rate: Share of youth not in employment, education or training by sex -- 19th ICLS (%)19.5
  Ranked 20th▲ 17· 2020
• NEET rate: Share of youth not in employment, education or training by sex and disability status (%)19.5
  Ranked 19th▲ 8· 2020
• NEET rate: Share of youth not in employment, education or training by sex and education (%)19.5
  Ranked 40th▲ 15· 2020
• NEET rate: Share of youth not in employment, education or training by sex and marital status (%)19.5
  Ranked 38th▲ 13· 2020
• NEET rate: Share of youth not in employment, education or training by sex -- ILO modelled estimates, Nov. 2025 (%)20.7
  Ranked 75th▼ 1· 2027
• NEET: Youth not in employment, education or training by sex -- 19th ICLS (thousands)85.1
  Ranked 36th▲ 13· 2020
• NEET: Youth not in employment, education or training by sex and disability status (thousands)85.1
  Ranked 33rd▲ 7· 2020
• NEET: Youth not in employment, education or training by sex and education (thousands)85.1
  Ranked 57th▲ 6· 2020
• NEET: Youth not in employment, education or training by sex and marital status (thousands)85.1
  Ranked 56th▲ 4· 2020
• NEET: Youth not in employment, education or training by sex -- ILO modelled estimates, Nov. 2025 (thousands)75.8
  Ranked 127th▲ 2· 2027
• NEET: Youth not in employment, education or training by sex (thousands)85.1
  Ranked 62nd▲ 4· 2020
• Net migration5,495
  Ranked 51st▲ 7· 2025
• Net primary income (Net income from abroad) (current LCU)-41.8B
  Ranked 87th▼ 39· 2025
• Net primary income (Net income from abroad) (current US$)-41.8B
  Ranked 151st▼ 38· 2025
• New business density (new registrations per 1,000 people ages 15-64)5.3
  Ranked 37th▼ 4· 2020
• New businesses registered (number)11,218
  Ranked 71st▼ 4· 2020
• Non-fatal occupational injuries per 100'000 workers by economic activity3
  Ranked 57th▲ 52· 2015
• Non-fatal occupational injuries per 100'000 workers by sex and migrant status3
  Ranked 35th▲ 30· 2015
• Number of strikes and lockouts by economic activity2
  Ranked 35th▼ 5· 2008
• Number of workers involved in strikes and lockouts by economic activity (thousands)0.13
  Ranked 48th▼ 2· 2008
• Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average)1
  Ranked 104th▼ 13· 2025
• Other manufacturing (% of value added in manufacturing)59.2
  Ranked 6th▼ 6· 2023
• Output per hour worked, GDP constant 2021 international $ at PPP -- ILO modelled estimates, Nov. 202561.3
  Ranked 35th▲ 1· 2027
• Output per worker, GDP constant 2015 US $ -- ILO modelled estimates, Nov. 202585,553.7
  Ranked 27th▲ 1· 2027
• Output per worker, GDP constant 2021 international $ at PPP -- ILO modelled estimates, Nov. 2025122,112.1
  Ranked 25th▼ 1· 2027
• Permanent cropland (% of land area)1.8
  Ranked 95th—· 2023
• Persons outside the labour force by sex and disability status (thousands)1,552.5
  Ranked 37th▲ 8· 2020
• Persons outside the labour force by sex and education (thousands)1,552.5
  Ranked 65th▲ 5· 2020
• Persons outside the labour force by sex and marital status (thousands)1,552.5
  Ranked 67th▲ 5· 2020
• Persons outside the labour force by sex, education and disability status (thousands)1,552.5
  Ranked 37th▲ 8· 2020
• Persons outside the labour force by sex, education and marital status (thousands)1,552.5
  Ranked 63rd▲ 3· 2020
• Persons outside the labour force by sex, marital status and disability status (thousands)1,552.5
  Ranked 37th▲ 8· 2020
• Population ages 25 to 54 by household type (thousands)726.7
  Ranked 51st▲ 3· 2020
• Population by sex -- UN estimates and projections, July 2024 (thousands)2,836.4
  Ranked 133rd▲ 1· 2030
• PPP conversion factor, GDP (LCU per international $)0.78
  Ranked 148th▼ 10· 2025
• PPP conversion factor, households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (LCU per international $)0.9
  Ranked 166th▲ 5· 2021
• Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%) (modeled ILO estimate)74.3
  Ranked 114th▲ 2· 2025
• Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%) (national estimate)80.6
  Ranked 48th▼ 44· 2020
• Ratio of total weekly hours worked to population aged 15-64 by sex -- ILO modelled estimates, Nov. 202522
  Ranked 130th▼ 8· 2027
• Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita (cubic meters)2,204.9
  Ranked 100th▼ 2· 2022
• Renewable internal freshwater resources, total (billion cubic meters)7.1
  Ranked 128th—· 2022
• Roots and tubers, total production5,221.5
  Ranked 171st▼ 1· 2024
• Rural land area (sq. km)6,516.7
  Ranked 165th—· 2015
• Rural land area where elevation is below 5 meters (% of total land area)4.8
  Ranked 55th—· 2015
• Rural land area where elevation is below 5 meters (sq. km)426.6
  Ranked 114th▼ 2· 2015
• Rural population180,246
  Ranked 165th▲ 1· 2025
• Rural population growth (annual %)-2.1
  Ranked 192nd▲ 11· 2025
• Rural population living in areas where elevation is below 5 meters (% of total population)1.1
  Ranked 89th▼ 10· 2015
• Rural population (% of total population)5.7
  Ranked 197th▼ 1· 2025
• Scientific and technical journal articles604.6
  Ranked 95th▼ 2· 2023
• SDG indicator 10.4.1: Labour income share as a percent of GDP (%)58.9
  Ranked 19th—· 2026
• SDG indicator 5.5.2: Proportion of women in managerial positions (%)46.8
  Ranked 12th▲ 8· 2020
• SDG indicator 5.5.2: Proportion of women in managerial positions -- 19th ICLS (%)46.8
  Ranked 8th▲ 6· 2020
• SDG indicator 8.2.1: Annual growth rate of output per worker, GDP constant 2015 US dollars (%)0.86
  Ranked 143rd▼ 23· 2027
• SDG indicator 8.2.1: Annual growth rate of output per worker, GDP constant 2021 international dollars at PPP (%)0.86
  Ranked 143rd▼ 23· 2027
• SDG indicator 8.5.1: Average hourly earnings of employees by sex (local currency)14.4
  Ranked 42nd▲ 7· 2020
• SDG indicator 8.5.2: Unemployment rate by sex and disability status (%)15.3
  Ranked 49th▲ 10· 2020
• SDG indicator 8.5.2: Unemployment rate by sex and disability status -- 19th ICLS (%)15.3
  Ranked 38th▲ 11· 2020
• SDG indicator 8.6.1: Proportion of youth aged 15 to 24 years not in education, employment or training by sex (%)19.5
  Ranked 44th▲ 18· 2020
• SDG indicator 8.8.1: Fatal occupational injuries per 100'000 workers by sex and migrant status8.2
  Ranked 14th▼ 29· 2005
• SDG indicator 9.2.2: Manufacturing employment as a proportion of total employment (%)9
  Ranked 78th▲ 1· 2020
• SDG indicator 9.2.2: Manufacturing employment as a proportion of total employment -- 19th ICLS (%)9
  Ranked 51st▲ 10· 2020
• Secure Internet servers1,509
  Ranked 130th▲ 8· 2024
• Secure Internet servers (per 1 million people)471.2
  Ranked 130th▲ 6· 2024
• Self-employed, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate)8
  Ranked 160th—· 2025
• Self-employed, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate)16.7
  Ranked 146th▼ 2· 2025
• Self-employed, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)12.6
  Ranked 153rd—· 2025
• Services, value added (constant 2015 US$)49.49B
  Ranked 62nd· 2015
• Services, value added (current LCU)67.14B
  Ranked 124th▼ 13· 2025
• Services, value added (current US$)67.14B
  Ranked 61st▼ 4· 2025
• Services, value added (% of GDP)51.9
  Ranked 104th▼ 18· 2025
• Services, value added per worker (constant 2015 US$)60,623.2
  Ranked 28th· 2015
• Share of youth not in education, employment or training, female (% of female youth population)18.2
  Ranked 56th▲ 10· 2020
• Share of youth not in education, employment or training, female (% of female youth population) (modeled ILO estimate)19.6
  Ranked 101st▲ 3· 2025
• Share of youth not in education, employment or training, male (% of male youth population)20.7
  Ranked 30th▲ 17· 2020
• Share of youth not in education, employment or training, male (% of male youth population) (modeled ILO estimate)21.4
  Ranked 45th—· 2025
• Share of youth not in education, employment or training, total (% of youth population)19.5
  Ranked 46th▲ 19· 2020
• Share of youth not in education, employment or training, total (% of youth population) (modeled ILO estimate)20.5
  Ranked 76th—· 2025
• Surface area (sq. km)8,870
  Ranked 166th—· 2023
• Technicians in R&D (per million people)156.1
  Ranked 40th▲ 2· 2015
• Textiles and clothing (% of value added in manufacturing)8.4
  Ranked 17th▼ 8· 2023
• Total weekly hours worked of employed persons by sex -- ILO modelled estimates, Nov. 2025 (thousands)44,377
  Ranked 137th—· 2027
• Unemployment by sex and categories of unemployed persons (thousands)158
  Ranked 34th▲ 2· 2008
• Unemployment by sex and disability status (thousands)186.5
  Ranked 24th▲ 4· 2020
• Unemployment by sex and education (thousands)186.5
  Ranked 39th▼ 2· 2020
• Unemployment by sex and marital status (thousands)186.5
  Ranked 36th▼ 3· 2020
• Unemployment by sex, education and disability status (thousands)186.5
  Ranked 19th▲ 1· 2020
• Unemployment by sex, education and marital status (thousands)186.5
  Ranked 35th▼ 4· 2020
• Unemployment by sex, marital status and disability status (thousands)186.5
  Ranked 19th▲ 1· 2020
• Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) (national estimate)15.7
  Ranked 100th▲ 16· 2020
• Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) (national estimate)15
  Ranked 109th▲ 1· 2020
• Unemployment of previously employed persons by sex and former economic activity (thousands)158
  Ranked 36th▲ 2· 2008
• Unemployment of previously employed persons by sex and former occupation (thousands)158
  Ranked 38th▲ 4· 2008
• Unemployment rate by sex and disability status (%)15.3
  Ranked 49th▲ 9· 2020
• Unemployment rate by sex and disability status -- 19th ICLS (%)15.3
  Ranked 38th▲ 11· 2020
• Unemployment rate by sex and education (%)15.3
  Ranked 84th—· 2020
• Unemployment rate by sex and marital status (%)15.3
  Ranked 85th▲ 1· 2020
• Unemployment rate by sex, education and disability status (%)15.3
  Ranked 44th▲ 6· 2020
• Unemployment rate by sex, education and marital status (%)15.3
  Ranked 79th▼ 3· 2020
• Unemployment rate by sex, marital status and disability status (%)15.3
  Ranked 44th▲ 6· 2020
• Unemployment rate for persons ages 25 to 54 by sex, household type and presence of children (%)11.1
  Ranked 54th—· 2020
• Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (national estimate)5.6
  Ranked 36th▼ 23· 2025
• Unemployment with advanced education, female (% of female labor force with advanced education)10
  Ranked 72nd▼ 6· 2020
• Unemployment with advanced education, male (% of male labor force with advanced education)8.4
  Ranked 75th▼ 4· 2020
• Unemployment with advanced education (% of total labor force with advanced education)9.3
  Ranked 73rd▼ 7· 2020
• Unemployment with basic education, female (% of female labor force with basic education)35.1
  Ranked 99th—· 2020
• Unemployment with basic education, male (% of male labor force with basic education)27.1
  Ranked 97th▼ 2· 2020
• Unemployment with basic education (% of total labor force with basic education)29.1
  Ranked 98th▲ 1· 2020
• Unemployment with intermediate education, female (% of female labor force with intermediate education)23.8
  Ranked 90th▼ 8· 2020
• Unemployment with intermediate education, male (% of male labor force with intermediate education)18.5
  Ranked 96th▼ 4· 2020
• Unemployment with intermediate education (% of total labor force with intermediate education)20.6
  Ranked 96th▼ 4· 2020
• Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15-24) (modeled ILO estimate)11.3
  Ranked 77th▲ 6· 2025
• Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15-24) (national estimate)33.5
  Ranked 95th▲ 12· 2020
• Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15-24) (modeled ILO estimate)15.5
  Ranked 117th▲ 6· 2025
• Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15-24) (national estimate)34.9
  Ranked 111th▲ 22· 2020
• Unemployment, youth total (% of total labor force ages 15-24) (national estimate)34.3
  Ranked 107th▲ 19· 2020
• Vegetables, primary production39,214.4
  Ranked 148th—· 2024
• Vulnerable employment, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate)6.3
  Ranked 25th—· 2025
• Vulnerable employment, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate)13.8
  Ranked 47th—· 2025
• Wage and salaried workers, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate)92
  Ranked 23rd—· 2025
• Wage and salaried workers, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate)83.3
  Ranked 37th▲ 2· 2025
• Wage and salaried workers, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)87.4
  Ranked 30th—· 2025
• Workers in the reference group by economic activity (thousands)623.6
  Ranked 42nd▼ 6· 2005
• Workers in the reference group by sex and migrant status (thousands)623.6
  Ranked 41st▼ 6· 2005
• Working-age population by sex and disability status (thousands)2,768.3
  Ranked 39th▲ 4· 2020
• Working-age population by sex and education (thousands)2,768.3
  Ranked 70th▲ 4· 2020
• Working-age population by sex and labour market status (thousands)2,768.3
  Ranked 79th▲ 10· 2020
• Working-age population by sex and marital status (thousands)2,768.3
  Ranked 72nd▲ 4· 2020
• Working-age population by sex, disability status and labour market status (thousands)2,768.3
  Ranked 39th▲ 4· 2020
• Working-age population by sex, education and disability status (thousands)2,768.3
  Ranked 39th▲ 4· 2020
• Working-age population by sex, education and labour market status (thousands)2,768.3
  Ranked 70th▲ 4· 2020
• Working-age population by sex, education and marital status (thousands)2,768.3
  Ranked 67th▲ 1· 2020
• Working-age population by sex, marital status and disability status (thousands)2,768.3
  Ranked 39th▲ 4· 2020
• Working-age population by sex, marital status and labour market status (thousands)2,768.3
  Ranked 72nd▲ 4· 2020
• Unemployment rate (ILO modelled)6.1%
  Ranked 115th▲ 3· 2027
• Youth unemployment rate (ILO modelled)14.4%
  Ranked 105th—· 2027
• Labour force participation rate43%
  Ranked 166th▼ 1· 2027
• Employment-to-population ratio40.4%
  Ranked 161st▼ 1· 2027

Life expectancy

• Life expectancy81.9
  Ranked 38th▲ 2· 2024
• Maternal mortality11
  Ranked 11th▼ 32· 2023
• Physicians1.8
  Ranked 52nd· 1995
• Basic sanitation access100%
  Ranked 1st—· 2024
• Basic drinking water access100%
  Ranked 1st—· 2024
• Tuberculosis incidence0.55
  Ranked 3rd▼ 2· 2024
• Suicide mortality rate5.4
  Ranked 66th▼ 5· 2021
• PM2.5 air pollution exposure7.8
  Ranked 31st▲ 10· 2023
• Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)13.3
  Ranked 139th▼ 1· 2024
• Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population)57.5
  Ranked 91st▼ 2· 2025
• Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population)39.8
  Ranked 4th▼ 1· 2025
• Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population)17.7
  Ranked 213th▲ 1· 2025
• Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)99.8
  Ranked 3rd· 2004
• Cause of death, by communicable diseases and maternal, prenatal and nutrition conditions (% of total)12.4
  Ranked 18th▼ 26· 2021
• Cause of death, by injury (% of total)6.2
  Ranked 84th▲ 9· 2021
• Cause of death, by non-communicable diseases (% of total)81.3
  Ranked 164th▲ 26· 2021
• Contraceptive prevalence, any method (% of married women ages 15-49)77.7
  Ranked 1st▼ 4· 1996
• Contraceptive prevalence, any modern method (% of married women ages 15-49)67.6
  Ranked 3rd· 1996
• Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people)10.3
  Ranked 175th▲ 3· 2024
• Diabetes prevalence (% of population ages 20 to 79)10.9
  Ranked 51st▲ 32· 2024
• Hospital beds (per 1,000 people)3.3
  Ranked 54th· 1996
• Life expectancy at birth, female (years)85.4
  Ranked 18th—· 2024
• Life expectancy at birth, male (years)78.3
  Ranked 40th—· 2024
• Lifetime risk of maternal death (%)0.01
  Ranked 34th▼ 36· 2023
• Lifetime risk of maternal death (1 in: rate varies by country)11,432
  Ranked 154th▲ 40· 2023
• Maternal mortality ratio (national estimate, per 100,000 live births)31.4
  Ranked 12th▲ 4· 2022
• MG_INTNL_MG_CNTRY_DEST223,323
  Ranked 111th▲ 7· 2024
• MNCH_LIFE_EXPECTANCY85.4
  Ranked 7th▼ 15· 2024
• MNCH_LTR_MATERNAL_DEATH11,432
  Ranked 154th▲ 40· 2023
• MNCH_MATERNAL_DEATHS2.1
  Ranked 19th▼ 28· 2023
• MNCH_MMR11
  Ranked 145th▲ 48· 2023
• Mortality from CVD, cancer, diabetes or CRD between exact ages 30 and 70 (%)10.1
  Ranked 19th▼ 1· 2021
• Mortality from CVD, cancer, diabetes or CRD between exact ages 30 and 70, female (%)7.4
  Ranked 13th▼ 3· 2021
• Mortality from CVD, cancer, diabetes or CRD between exact ages 30 and 70, male (%)13.1
  Ranked 24th▼ 2· 2021
• Mortality rate, adult, female (per 1,000 female adults)42.1
  Ranked 27th—· 2024
• Mortality rate, adult, male (per 1,000 male adults)116.4
  Ranked 51st▼ 2· 2024
• Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning, female (per 100,000 female population)0.3
  Ranked 49th▲ 9· 2021
• Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning, male (per 100,000 male population)0.24
  Ranked 23rd▼ 7· 2021
• Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning (per 100,000 population)0.27
  Ranked 29th▲ 7· 2021
• Number of maternal deaths2
  Ranked 3rd▼ 8· 2023
• People practicing open defecation (% of population)0
  Ranked 104th▼ 3· 2024
• People using safely managed drinking water services (% of population)98.9
  Ranked 22nd▲ 1· 2024
• People using safely managed sanitation services (% of population)32.5
  Ranked 101st▼ 1· 2024
• Population ages 00-04, female (% of female population)2.7
  Ranked 215th—· 2025
• Population ages 00-04, male (% of male population)3.2
  Ranked 215th—· 2025
• Population ages 0-14, female174,237
  Ranked 150th—· 2025
• Population ages 0-14, female (% of female population)10.3
  Ranked 215th—· 2025
• Population ages 0-14, male183,727
  Ranked 150th—· 2025
• Population ages 0-14, male (% of male population)12.3
  Ranked 209th—· 2025
• Population ages 0-14, total357,964
  Ranked 150th—· 2025
• Population ages 05-09, female (% of female population)3.3
  Ranked 216th—· 2025
• Population ages 05-09, male (% of male population)3.9
  Ranked 212th▲ 2· 2025
• Population ages 10-14, female (% of female population)4.3
  Ranked 209th▲ 4· 2025
• Population ages 10-14, male (% of male population)5.1
  Ranked 196th▲ 4· 2025
• Population ages 15-19, female (% of female population)5.1
  Ranked 187th▲ 8· 2025
• Population ages 15-19, male (% of male population)6.1
  Ranked 164th▲ 10· 2025
• Population ages 15-64, female1.05M
  Ranked 135th▲ 1· 2025
• Population ages 15-64, female (% of female population)62.3
  Ranked 129th▲ 3· 2025
• Population ages 15-64, male971,601
  Ranked 137th—· 2025
• Population ages 15-64, male (% of male population)64.8
  Ranked 121st▼ 1· 2025
• Population ages 15-64, total2.02M
  Ranked 137th—· 2025
• Population ages 20-24, female (% of female population)5.9
  Ranked 160th▲ 5· 2025
• Population ages 20-24, male (% of male population)7
  Ranked 126th—· 2025
• Population ages 25-29, female (% of female population)6.3
  Ranked 156th▼ 7· 2025
• Population ages 25-29, male (% of male population)7
  Ranked 132nd▼ 18· 2025
• Population ages 30-34, female (% of female population)5.8
  Ranked 183rd▼ 9· 2025
• Population ages 30-34, male (% of male population)6.2
  Ranked 180th▼ 8· 2025
• Population ages 35-39, female (% of female population)5.7
  Ranked 179th▼ 3· 2025
• Population ages 35-39, male (% of male population)5.8
  Ranked 173rd▼ 7· 2025
• Population ages 40-44, female (% of female population)6
  Ranked 147th▲ 11· 2025
• Population ages 40-44, male (% of male population)6
  Ranked 145th▲ 6· 2025
• Population ages 45-49, female (% of female population)6.5
  Ranked 74th▲ 3· 2025
• Population ages 45-49, male (% of male population)6.5
  Ranked 83rd▲ 7· 2025
• Population ages 50-54, female (% of female population)6.6
  Ranked 56th▲ 2· 2025
• Population ages 50-54, male (% of male population)6.6
  Ranked 58th—· 2025
• Population ages 55-59, female (% of female population)7
  Ranked 35th—· 2025
• Population ages 55-59, male (% of male population)6.8
  Ranked 41st▲ 1· 2025
• Population ages 60-64, female (% of female population)7.3
  Ranked 23rd—· 2025
• Population ages 60-64, male (% of male population)6.8
  Ranked 28th—· 2025
• Population ages 65-69, female (% of female population)7
  Ranked 16th▲ 3· 2025
• Population ages 65-69, male (% of male population)6.4
  Ranked 11th▲ 2· 2025
• Population ages 65 and above, female461,885
  Ranked 89th▲ 2· 2025
• Population ages 65 and above, female (% of female population)27.4
  Ranked 4th▼ 1· 2025
• Population ages 65 and above, male343,014
  Ranked 89th—· 2025
• Population ages 65 and above, male (% of male population)22.9
  Ranked 4th—· 2025
• Population ages 65 and above (% of total population)25.3
  Ranked 3rd—· 2025
• Population ages 65 and above, total804,899
  Ranked 90th—· 2025
• Population ages 70-74, female (% of female population)6.4
  Ranked 10th▼ 1· 2025
• Population ages 70-74, male (% of male population)5.6
  Ranked 8th—· 2025
• Population ages 75-79, female (% of female population)5.6
  Ranked 5th—· 2025
• Population ages 75-79, male (% of male population)4.8
  Ranked 5th—· 2025
• Population ages 80 and above, female (% of female population)8.3
  Ranked 9th▼ 1· 2025
• Population ages 80 and above, male (% of male population)6.1
  Ranked 5th▼ 1· 2025
• Population, female1.69M
  Ranked 134th—· 2025
• Population, female (% of total population)53
  Ranked 11th—· 2025
• Population, male1.5M
  Ranked 136th▲ 1· 2025
• Population, male (% of total population)47
  Ranked 207th—· 2025
• Sex ratio at birth (male births per female births)1.1
  Ranked 31st▼ 1· 2024
• Suicide mortality rate, female (per 100,000 female population)1.9
  Ranked 43rd▲ 8· 2021
• Suicide mortality rate, male (per 100,000 male population)9.4
  Ranked 73rd▼ 13· 2021
• Survival to age 65, female (% of cohort)92.8
  Ranked 37th▲ 3· 2024
• Survival to age 65, male (% of cohort)82.4
  Ranked 63rd▲ 4· 2024
• Tuberculosis case detection rate (%, all forms)76
  Ranked 23rd▲ 4· 2023
• Tuberculosis treatment success rate (% of new cases)81
  Ranked 17th▼ 1· 2022
• Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15-49)4
  Ranked 14th· 1996
• WS_PPL_H-N0.7
  Ranked 23rd▲ 9· 2004
• WS_PPL_S-ALB100
  Ranked 1st—· 2024
• WS_PPL_S-B67.5
  Ranked 11th—· 2024
• WS_PPL_S-DIS0
  Ranked 134th▼ 2· 2024
• WS_PPL_S-FST0
  Ranked 78th—· 2024
• WS_PPL_S-I100
  Ranked 1st—· 2024
• WS_PPL_S-L0
  Ranked 157th▼ 3· 2024
• WS_PPL_S-LAT0
  Ranked 164th▼ 5· 2024
• WS_PPL_S-OD0
  Ranked 105th▼ 3· 2024
• WS_PPL_S-SEW100
  Ranked 1st—· 2024
• WS_PPL_S-SM32.5
  Ranked 101st▼ 1· 2024
• WS_PPL_S-UI0
  Ranked 163rd▼ 7· 2024
• WS_PPL_S-WWT32.5
  Ranked 65th—· 2024
• WS_PPL_W-ALB100
  Ranked 1st—· 2024
• WS_PPL_W-AVA100
  Ranked 1st—· 2024
• WS_PPL_W-B1.1
  Ranked 114th▼ 5· 2024
• WS_PPL_W-I100
  Ranked 1st—· 2024
• WS_PPL_W-L0
  Ranked 126th▼ 3· 2024
• WS_PPL_W-NP0
  Ranked 145th▼ 3· 2024
• WS_PPL_W-P100
  Ranked 1st—· 2024
• WS_PPL_W-PRE100
  Ranked 1st—· 2024
• WS_PPL_W-QUA98.9
  Ranked 34th▲ 4· 2024
• WS_PPL_W-SM98.9
  Ranked 22nd▲ 1· 2024
• WS_PPL_W-SW0
  Ranked 103rd▼ 5· 2024
• WS_PPL_W-UI0
  Ranked 169th▼ 4· 2024

Secondary enrollment

• Secondary enrollment81.5%
  Ranked 84th▲ 64· 2024
• Education spending4.3%
  Ranked 20th▼ 23· 2024
• Adult literacy92.4%
  Ranked 24th▼ 2· 2017
• Primary enrollment87.9%
  Ranked 120th▼ 24· 2024
• Tertiary enrollment77.9%
  Ranked 30th▲ 8· 2023
• Primary completion rate83.1%
  Ranked 90th▼ 32· 2024
• Adjusted net enrollment rate, primary, female (% of primary school age children)80.4
  Ranked 68th▲ 3· 2016
• Adjusted net enrollment rate, primary, male (% of primary school age children)77.3
  Ranked 71st▲ 1· 2016
• Adjusted net enrollment rate, primary (% of primary school age children)78.8
  Ranked 116th▲ 3· 2016
• Adolescents out of school, female (% of female lower secondary school age)15.1
  Ranked 27th▼ 7· 2024
• Adolescents out of school, male (% of male lower secondary school age)17.1
  Ranked 32nd▼ 4· 2024
• Adolescents out of school (% of lower secondary school age)16.1
  Ranked 29th▼ 6· 2024
• Children out of school, female (% of female primary school age)12.2
  Ranked 27th▼ 2· 2024
• Children out of school, male (% of male primary school age)14.3
  Ranked 23rd▼ 5· 2024
• Children out of school (% of primary school age)13.3
  Ranked 23rd▼ 5· 2024
• Children out of school, primary21,785
  Ranked 51st▼ 13· 2024
• Children out of school, primary, female9,745
  Ranked 45th▼ 11· 2024
• Children out of school, primary, male12,040
  Ranked 40th▼ 12· 2024
• Compulsory education, duration (years)13
  Ranked 5th—· 2025
• Current education expenditure, primary (% of total expenditure in primary public institutions)98.5
  Ranked 11th—· 2014
• Current education expenditure, secondary (% of total expenditure in secondary public institutions)98.5
  Ranked 10th▼ 4· 2014
• Current education expenditure, tertiary (% of total expenditure in tertiary public institutions)100
  Ranked 1st—· 2014
• Current education expenditure, total (% of total expenditure in public institutions)95.4
  Ranked 24th▲ 2· 2014
• Educational attainment, at least Bachelor's or equivalent, population 25+, female (%) (cumulative)34.4
  Ranked 11th▼ 11· 2024
• Educational attainment, at least Bachelor's or equivalent, population 25+, male (%) (cumulative)23.9
  Ranked 12th▼ 12· 2024
• Educational attainment, at least Bachelor's or equivalent, population 25+, total (%) (cumulative)29.6
  Ranked 11th▼ 12· 2024
• Educational attainment, at least completed lower secondary, population 25+, female (%) (cumulative)89.8
  Ranked 9th▼ 24· 2024
• Educational attainment, at least completed lower secondary, population 25+, male (%) (cumulative)87.7
  Ranked 11th▼ 30· 2024
• Educational attainment, at least completed lower secondary, population 25+, total (%) (cumulative)88.8
  Ranked 10th▼ 26· 2024
• Educational attainment, at least completed post-secondary, population 25+, female (%) (cumulative)43.9
  Ranked 14th▲ 10· 2020
• Educational attainment, at least completed post-secondary, population 25+, male (%) (cumulative)32.3
  Ranked 34th▲ 23· 2020
• Educational attainment, at least completed post-secondary, population 25+, total (%) (cumulative)38.6
  Ranked 20th▲ 14· 2020
• Educational attainment, at least completed primary, population 25+ years, female (%) (cumulative)94.7
  Ranked 14th▼ 34· 2024
• Educational attainment, at least completed primary, population 25+ years, male (%) (cumulative)93.7
  Ranked 19th▼ 34· 2024
• Educational attainment, at least completed primary, population 25+ years, total (%) (cumulative)94.2
  Ranked 17th▼ 33· 2024
• Educational attainment, at least completed short-cycle tertiary, population 25+, female (%) (cumulative)43.9
  Ranked 12th▼ 15· 2020
• Educational attainment, at least completed short-cycle tertiary, population 25+, male (%) (cumulative)32.3
  Ranked 28th▼ 18· 2020
• Educational attainment, at least completed short-cycle tertiary, population 25+, total (%) (cumulative)38.6
  Ranked 16th▼ 14· 2020
• Educational attainment, at least completed upper secondary, population 25+, female (%) (cumulative)83.7
  Ranked 6th▼ 11· 2024
• Educational attainment, at least completed upper secondary, population 25+, male (%) (cumulative)79.6
  Ranked 10th▼ 21· 2024
• Educational attainment, at least completed upper secondary, population 25+, total (%) (cumulative)81.8
  Ranked 7th▼ 12· 2024
• Educational attainment, at least Master's or equivalent, population 25+, female (%) (cumulative)9
  Ranked 37th▼ 5· 2020
• Educational attainment, at least Master's or equivalent, population 25+, male (%) (cumulative)6.7
  Ranked 39th▼ 14· 2020
• Educational attainment, at least Master's or equivalent, population 25+, total (%) (cumulative)7.9
  Ranked 36th▼ 11· 2020
• Educational attainment, Doctoral or equivalent, population 25+, female (%) (cumulative)1.2
  Ranked 10th▲ 4· 2020
• Educational attainment, Doctoral or equivalent, population 25+, male (%) (cumulative)1.1
  Ranked 21st▼ 7· 2020
• Educational attainment, Doctoral or equivalent, population 25+, total (%) (cumulative)1.2
  Ranked 13th▼ 3· 2020
• Expenditure on primary education (% of government expenditure on education)22
  Ranked 79th▼ 9· 2014
• Expenditure on secondary education (% of government expenditure on education)24.6
  Ranked 80th▼ 12· 2014
• Expenditure on tertiary education (% of government expenditure on education)36.8
  Ranked 8th▲ 3· 2014
• Government expenditure on education, total (% of government expenditure)16
  Ranked 14th▼ 15· 2025
• Government expenditure per student, primary (% of GDP per capita)18.5
  Ranked 30th▼ 5· 2014
• Government expenditure per student, secondary (% of GDP per capita)20.2
  Ranked 43rd▲ 1· 2014
• Government expenditure per student, tertiary (% of GDP per capita)33.3
  Ranked 39th▲ 4· 2014
• Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education, female (% of relevant age group)89.2
  Ranked 131st▲ 2· 2015
• Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education, male (% of relevant age group)90.8
  Ranked 135th▲ 3· 2015
• Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education, total (% of relevant age group)90
  Ranked 134th▼ 1· 2015
• Labor force, female (% of total labor force)46.1
  Ranked 85th▼ 1· 2025
• Labor force, total1.21M
  Ranked 136th—· 2025
• Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above)92.4
  Ranked 25th▼ 3· 2017
• Literacy rate, youth (ages 15-24), gender parity index (GPI)1
  Ranked 8th▲ 4· 2017
• Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15-24)92.4
  Ranked 34th▲ 22· 2017
• Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15-24)92.4
  Ranked 33rd▲ 23· 2017
• Literacy rate, youth total (% of people ages 15-24)92.4
  Ranked 36th▲ 26· 2017
• Lower secondary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group)80.3
  Ranked 96th▲ 37· 2023
• Lower secondary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group)80.3
  Ranked 88th▲ 18· 2023
• Lower secondary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)80.3
  Ranked 91st▲ 26· 2023
• Lower secondary school starting age (years)12
  Ranked 3rd—· 2025
• Net intake rate in grade 1, female (% of official school-age population)57.8
  Ranked 64th▼ 6· 2016
• Net intake rate in grade 1, male (% of official school-age population)57.5
  Ranked 65th▼ 5· 2016
• Net intake rate in grade 1 (% of official school-age population)57.7
  Ranked 66th▼ 4· 2016
• Over-age students, primary, female (% of female enrollment)2.3
  Ranked 97th▼ 5· 2016
• Over-age students, primary, male (% of male enrollment)4.1
  Ranked 83rd▼ 5· 2016
• Over-age students, primary (% of enrollment)3.2
  Ranked 88th▼ 8· 2016
• Persistence to grade 5, female (% of cohort)85.6
  Ranked 47th· 2014
• Persistence to grade 5, male (% of cohort)81.5
  Ranked 51st· 2014
• Persistence to grade 5, total (% of cohort)83.5
  Ranked 60th· 2014
• Persistence to last grade of primary, female (% of cohort)83.6
  Ranked 59th· 2014
• Persistence to last grade of primary, male (% of cohort)78.7
  Ranked 64th· 2014
• Persistence to last grade of primary, total (% of cohort)81.1
  Ranked 70th· 2014
• Population ages 0-14 (% of total population)11.2
  Ranked 214th—· 2025
• Population ages 15-64 (% of total population)63.5
  Ranked 127th▲ 2· 2025
• Preprimary education, duration (years)6
  Ranked 2nd—· 2025
• Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group)83
  Ranked 92nd▼ 35· 2024
• Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group)83.1
  Ranked 86th▼ 31· 2024
• Primary education, duration (years)6
  Ranked 3rd—· 2025
• Primary education, pupils144,542
  Ranked 90th▼ 28· 2024
• Primary education, pupils (% female)48.3
  Ranked 110th▼ 5· 2016
• Primary education, teachers15,316
  Ranked 81st▼ 13· 2024
• Primary education, teachers (% female)87.1
  Ranked 37th▲ 1· 2018
• Primary school starting age (years)6
  Ranked 2nd—· 2025
• Progression to secondary school (%)98
  Ranked 59th· 2014
• Progression to secondary school, female (%)96
  Ranked 51st· 2014
• Progression to secondary school, male (%)100
  Ranked 1st· 2014
• Pupil-teacher ratio, lower secondary19.3
  Ranked 28th▲ 9· 2016
• Pupil-teacher ratio, preprimary17.5
  Ranked 50th▲ 2· 2016
• Pupil-teacher ratio, primary13.5
  Ranked 102nd▲ 2· 2016
• Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary17.2
  Ranked 40th▲ 7· 2016
• Pupil-teacher ratio, tertiary13.6
  Ranked 53rd▲ 5· 2016
• Pupil-teacher ratio, upper secondary15.5
  Ranked 33rd▲ 6· 2016
• Repeaters, primary, female (% of female enrollment)2.6
  Ranked 52nd· 2015
• Repeaters, primary, male (% of male enrollment)2.6
  Ranked 61st· 2015
• Repeaters, primary, total (% of total enrollment)2.6
  Ranked 59th· 2015
• School enrollment, preprimary, female (% gross)37.8
  Ranked 116th▲ 1· 2016
• School enrollment, preprimary (% gross)37.5
  Ranked 119th▲ 2· 2016
• School enrollment, preprimary, male (% gross)37.3
  Ranked 117th▲ 4· 2016
• School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)88.4
  Ranked 120th▼ 23· 2024
• School enrollment, primary, female (% net)76.8
  Ranked 73rd▲ 5· 2016
• School enrollment, primary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)1
  Ranked 26th▲ 19· 2013
• School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)87.5
  Ranked 120th▼ 26· 2024
• School enrollment, primary, male (% net)75.7
  Ranked 77th▲ 4· 2016
• School enrollment, primary (% net)76.3
  Ranked 122nd▲ 5· 2016
• School enrollment, primary, private (% of total primary)29.2
  Ranked 27th▼ 8· 2023
• School enrollment, secondary, female (% gross)83
  Ranked 83rd▲ 63· 2024
• School enrollment, secondary, female (% net)79.3
  Ranked 70th▲ 11· 2016
• School enrollment, secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)1.1
  Ranked 22nd▲ 5· 2013
• School enrollment, secondary, male (% gross)80.1
  Ranked 81st▲ 56· 2024
• School enrollment, secondary, male (% net)72.9
  Ranked 73rd▲ 4· 2016
• School enrollment, secondary (% net)75.9
  Ranked 80th▲ 13· 2016
• School enrollment, secondary, private (% of total secondary)21.5
  Ranked 42nd▲ 12· 2023
• School enrollment, tertiary, female (% gross)95.9
  Ranked 23rd▲ 6· 2023
• School enrollment, tertiary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)1.4
  Ranked 30th—· 2023
• School enrollment, tertiary, male (% gross)60.6
  Ranked 39th▲ 6· 2023
• Secondary education, duration (years)6
  Ranked 4th—· 2025
• Secondary education, general pupils229,383
  Ranked 114th▲ 8· 2016
• Secondary education, general pupils (% female)49.7
  Ranked 93rd—· 2016
• Secondary education, pupils171,527
  Ranked 77th▼ 25· 2024
• Secondary education, pupils (% female)49.5
  Ranked 52nd▼ 3· 2016
• Secondary education, teachers20,845
  Ranked 67th▼ 23· 2024
• Secondary education, teachers (% female)72.4
  Ranked 19th▲ 2· 2018
• Secondary education, teachers, female8,560
  Ranked 82nd▲ 4· 2018
• Secondary education, vocational pupils6,618
  Ranked 101st▲ 11· 2016
• Secondary education, vocational pupils (% female)43.7
  Ranked 52nd▲ 22· 2016
• Tertiary education, academic staff (% female)54.1
  Ranked 25th▲ 9· 2023
• Trained teachers in lower secondary education, female (% of female teachers)84
  Ranked 19th▲ 12· 2016
• Trained teachers in lower secondary education, male (% of male teachers)84
  Ranked 15th▲ 7· 2016
• Trained teachers in lower secondary education (% of total teachers)23
  Ranked 31st▲ 14· 2024
• Trained teachers in preprimary education, female (% of female teachers)84
  Ranked 17th▲ 9· 2016
• Trained teachers in preprimary education, male (% of male teachers)84.4
  Ranked 7th▲ 2· 2016
• Trained teachers in preprimary education (% of total teachers)8.2
  Ranked 47th▲ 30· 2024
• Trained teachers in primary education, female (% of female teachers)93.8
  Ranked 20th▲ 5· 2016
• Trained teachers in primary education, male (% of male teachers)84.1
  Ranked 30th▲ 19· 2016
• Trained teachers in primary education (% of total teachers)25
  Ranked 57th▲ 34· 2024
• Trained teachers in secondary education, female (% of female teachers)84
  Ranked 25th▲ 17· 2016
• Trained teachers in secondary education, male (% of male teachers)84
  Ranked 20th▲ 12· 2016
• Trained teachers in secondary education (% of total teachers)13.6
  Ranked 44th▲ 18· 2024
• Trained teachers in upper secondary education, female (% of female teachers)84
  Ranked 17th▲ 11· 2016
• Trained teachers in upper secondary education, male (% of male teachers)84
  Ranked 14th▲ 9· 2016
• Trained teachers in upper secondary education (% of total teachers)84
  Ranked 17th▲ 11· 2016
• Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) (modeled ILO estimate)5.1
  Ranked 79th▲ 1· 2025
• Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) (modeled ILO estimate)6.8
  Ranked 126th▲ 5· 2025

Population

• Population3.18M
  Ranked 134th—· 2025
• Population growth-0.55%
  Ranked 201st▲ 21· 2025
• Urban population94.3%
  Ranked 10th▲ 1· 2025
• Fertility rate0.92
  Ranked 196th▲ 4· 2024
• Crude birth rate5.7
  Ranked 194th▼ 3· 2024
• Births4.5
  Ranked 170th—· 2100
• Births15190.04
  Ranked 173rd▲ 1· 2100
• CBR4.5
  Ranked 212th—· 2100
• CDR27.3
  Ranked 1st—· 2100
• CNMR0.19
  Ranked 64th▼ 8· 2100
• Deaths27.2
  Ranked 76th▲ 1· 2100
• DeathsFemale14.3
  Ranked 76th▲ 2· 2100
• DeathsMale12.9
  Ranked 75th—· 2100
• DM_BRTS19.1
  Ranked 156th—· 2025
• DM_BRTS_SURVIVING_14.5
  Ranked 170th—· 2100
• DM_DPR_CHD17.7
  Ranked 212th▲ 1· 2025
• DM_DPR_OLD39.8
  Ranked 4th▼ 1· 2025
• DM_DPR_TOT57.5
  Ranked 91st▼ 1· 2025
• DM_FRATE_TOT0.94
  Ranked 213th▲ 1· 2025
• DM_LIFE_EXP82.1
  Ranked 36th—· 2025
• DM_NET_MG_RATE1.7
  Ranked 51st▲ 15· 2025
• DM_POP_15TO24388.9
  Ranked 142nd—· 2025
• DM_POP_ADLCNT333.5
  Ranked 145th—· 2025
• DM_POP_ADLCNT_PROP10.3
  Ranked 187th▲ 7· 2025
• DM_POP_CHILD_PROP14.5
  Ranked 210th—· 2025
• DM_POP_GRT-0.31
  Ranked 177th▲ 7· 2025
• DM_POP_TOT3,235.3
  Ranked 135th—· 2025
• DM_POP_U18469.5
  Ranked 151st—· 2025
• DM_POP_U596.2
  Ranked 156th▲ 1· 2025
• DoublingTime112.7
  Ranked 6th▼ 2· 1999
• IMR0.97
  Ranked 172nd—· 2100
• InfantDeaths0
  Ranked 5th▼ 1· 2100
• LBsurvivingAge14.5
  Ranked 170th—· 2100
• LE1576.2
  Ranked 39th—· 2100
• LE15Female79.2
  Ranked 19th—· 2100
• LE15Male73.3
  Ranked 55th—· 2100
• LE6527.9
  Ranked 21st—· 2100
• LE65Female30
  Ranked 16th—· 2100
• LE65Male25.8
  Ranked 48th▲ 1· 2100
• LE8014.9
  Ranked 13th—· 2100
• LE80Female16.3
  Ranked 12th—· 2100
• LE80Male13.2
  Ranked 21st—· 2100
• LEx91
  Ranked 40th—· 2100
• LExFemale94.1
  Ranked 20th—· 2100
• LExMale88.1
  Ranked 55th—· 2100
• MAC31.2
  Ranked 77th▲ 1· 2100
• MedianAgePop65.8
  Ranked 2nd—· 2100
• NatChange-22.7
  Ranked 151st—· 2100
• NatChangeRT-22.8
  Ranked 214th▼ 2· 2100
• NetMigrations0.19
  Ranked 63rd▼ 4· 2100
• NRR0.66
  Ranked 204th▲ 3· 2100
• PM2.5 air pollution, population exposed to levels exceeding WHO guideline value (% of total)3.7
  Ranked 6th—· 2017
• PopChange-22.5
  Ranked 157th▼ 3· 2100
• PopDensity114.5
  Ranked 109th—· 2100
• PopGrowthRate-2.3
  Ranked 207th▲ 2· 2100
• PopSexRatio90.8
  Ranked 213th—· 2100
• Population density (people per sq. km of land area)361.2
  Ranked 30th—· 2023
• Population in largest city2.43M
  Ranked 75th—· 2025
• Population in the largest city (% of urban population)81
  Ranked 3rd—· 2025
• Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million2.43M
  Ranked 79th—· 2025
• Q00407.7
  Ranked 139th▼ 1· 2100
• Q0040Female3.5
  Ranked 176th▼ 1· 2100
• Q0040Male11.7
  Ranked 119th—· 2100
• Q006030.8
  Ranked 134th—· 2100
• Q0060Female14.4
  Ranked 174th—· 2100
• Q0060Male46.3
  Ranked 123rd—· 2100
• Q155013.2
  Ranked 124th—· 2100
• Q1550Female5.4
  Ranked 175th▼ 1· 2100
• Q1550Male20.6
  Ranked 110th—· 2100
• Q156029.2
  Ranked 129th▼ 1· 2100
• Q1560Female13.2
  Ranked 174th▼ 2· 2100
• Q1560Male44.3
  Ranked 121st▼ 1· 2100
• Q51.3
  Ranked 162nd—· 2100
• SRB105
  Ranked 31st▲ 2· 2100
• TFR1.4
  Ranked 208th▼ 1· 2100
• TPopulation1Jan1,006.9
  Ranked 158th—· 2100
• TPopulation1July995.6
  Ranked 158th—· 2100
• TPopulationFemale1July521.7
  Ranked 158th—· 2100
• TPopulationMale1July473.9
  Ranked 158th—· 2100
• Under5Deaths0.01
  Ranked 7th—· 2100
• Urban land area (sq. km)2,390.7
  Ranked 76th▲ 7· 2015
• Median age of population45.3
  Ranked 9th—· 2023
• Total age dependency ratio56.9
  Ranked 95th▼ 2· 2023
• Net migration rate6.1
  Ranked 32nd▼ 21· 2023
• Projected population in 2050 (medium)2,504
  Ranked 143rd· 2050
• Projected life expectancy in 2050 (medium)85.5
  Ranked 38th· 2050