Environment

Endemic reef-forming coral species

Name: Endemic reef-forming coral species by country, 2025
Creator: Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0); underlying sources incl. V-Dem
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

endemic species · higher is better · 216 countries

Our World in Data (CC BY 4.0); underlying sources incl. V-DemCC BY 4.0updated 2025

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216 countries · 2025

216 of 216

Endemic reef-forming coral species league table
#	Country	endemic species	Region	Income
1	Australia	11	East Asia & Pacific	High income
2	Philippines	9	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income
3	Indonesia	9	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income
4	Brazil	8	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income
5	United States	6	North America	High income
6	Japan	4	East Asia & Pacific	High income
7	Maldives	3	South Asia	Upper middle income
8	India	3	South Asia	Lower middle income
9	Mauritius	2	Sub-Saharan Africa	Upper middle income
10	Malaysia	2	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income
11	Saudi Arabia	2	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	High income
12	Mexico	2	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income
13	Viet Nam	2	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income
14	Yemen, Rep.	1	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	Low income
15	Thailand	1	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income
16	Taiwan	1	East Asia & Pacific	High income
17	Ecuador	1	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income
18	Sri Lanka	1	South Asia	Upper middle income
19	American Samoa	1	East Asia & Pacific	High income
20	New Caledonia	1	East Asia & Pacific	High income
21	Madagascar	1	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income
22	Djibouti	0	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	Lower middle income
23	Dominica	0	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income
24	Denmark	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
25	Dominican Republic	0	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income
26	Barbados	0	Latin America & Caribbean	High income
27	Algeria	0	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	Upper middle income
28	Egypt, Arab Rep.	0	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	Lower middle income
29	Eritrea	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income
30	Spain	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
31	Estonia	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
32	Ethiopia	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income
33	Finland	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
34	Fiji	0	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income
35	France	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
36	Faroe Islands	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
37	Micronesia, Fed. Sts.	0	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income
38	Gabon	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Upper middle income
39	United Kingdom	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
40	Georgia	0	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income
41	Ghana	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income
42	Gibraltar	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
43	Guinea	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income
44	Gambia, The	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income
45	Guinea-Bissau	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income
46	Equatorial Guinea	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Upper middle income
47	Greece	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
48	Grenada	0	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income
49	Greenland	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
50	Guatemala	0	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income
51	Guam	0	East Asia & Pacific	High income
52	Guyana	0	Latin America & Caribbean	High income
53	Hong Kong SAR, China	0	East Asia & Pacific	High income
54	Honduras	0	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower middle income
55	Croatia	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
56	Haiti	0	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower middle income
57	Hungary	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
58	Isle of Man	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
59	Ireland	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
60	Iran, Islamic Rep.	0	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	Upper middle income
61	Iraq	0	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	Upper middle income
62	Iceland	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
63	Israel	0	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	High income
64	Italy	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
65	Jamaica	0	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income
66	Jordan	0	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	Upper middle income
67	Kazakhstan	0	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income
68	Kenya	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income
69	Kyrgyz Republic	0	Europe & Central Asia	Lower middle income
70	Cambodia	0	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income
71	Kiribati	0	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income
72	St. Kitts and Nevis	0	Latin America & Caribbean	High income
73	Korea, Rep.	0	East Asia & Pacific	High income
74	Kuwait	0	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	High income
75	Lao PDR	0	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income
76	Lebanon	0	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	Lower middle income
77	Liberia	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income
78	Libya	0	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	Upper middle income
79	St. Lucia	0	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income
80	Liechtenstein	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
81	Lesotho	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income
82	Lithuania	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
83	Bhutan	0	South Asia	Lower middle income
84	Botswana	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Upper middle income
85	Central African Republic	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income
86	Canada	0	North America	High income
87	Switzerland	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
88	Chile	0	Latin America & Caribbean	High income
89	China	0	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income
90	Cote d'Ivoire	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income
91	Cameroon	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income
92	Congo, Dem. Rep.	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income
93	Congo, Rep.	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income
94	Colombia	0	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income
95	Comoros	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income
96	Cabo Verde	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Upper middle income
97	Costa Rica	0	Latin America & Caribbean	High income
98	Cuba	0	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income
99	Curacao	0	Latin America & Caribbean	High income
100	Cayman Islands	0	Latin America & Caribbean	High income
101	Cyprus	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
102	Czechia	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
103	Germany	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
104	Venezuela, RB	0	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower middle income
105	British Virgin Islands	0	Latin America & Caribbean	High income
106	Virgin Islands (U.S.)	0	Latin America & Caribbean	High income
107	Vanuatu	0	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income
108	Samoa	0	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income
109	South Africa	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Upper middle income
110	Zambia	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income
111	Zimbabwe	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income
112	Bolivia	0	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower middle income
113	Bermuda	0	North America	High income
114	Belize	0	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income
115	Belarus	0	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income
116	Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income
117	Bahamas, The	0	Latin America & Caribbean	High income
118	Bahrain	0	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	High income
119	Bulgaria	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
120	Bangladesh	0	South Asia	Lower middle income
121	Burkina Faso	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income
122	Benin	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income
123	Belgium	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
124	Burundi	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income
125	Brunei Darussalam	0	East Asia & Pacific	High income
126	Azerbaijan	0	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income
127	Austria	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
128	Aruba	0	Latin America & Caribbean	High income
129	Antigua and Barbuda	0	Latin America & Caribbean	High income
130	Armenia	0	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income
131	Argentina	0	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income
132	United Arab Emirates	0	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	High income
133	Andorra	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
134	Albania	0	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income
135	Angola	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income
136	Afghanistan	0	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	Low income
137	Luxembourg	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
138	Latvia	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
139	Macao SAR, China	0	East Asia & Pacific	High income
140	St. Martin (French part)	0	Latin America & Caribbean	High income
141	Morocco	0	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	Lower middle income
142	Monaco	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
143	Moldova	0	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income
144	Marshall Islands	0	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income
145	North Macedonia	0	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income
146	Mali	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income
147	Malta	0	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	High income
148	Myanmar	0	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income
149	Montenegro	0	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income
150	Mongolia	0	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income
151	Northern Mariana Islands	0	East Asia & Pacific	High income
152	Mozambique	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income
153	Mauritania	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income
154	Malawi	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income
155	Namibia	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income
156	Niger	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income
157	Nigeria	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income
158	Nicaragua	0	Latin America & Caribbean	Lower middle income
159	Netherlands	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
160	Norway	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
161	Nepal	0	South Asia	Lower middle income
162	Naoero	0	East Asia & Pacific	High income
163	New Zealand	0	East Asia & Pacific	High income
164	Oman	0	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	High income
165	Pakistan	0	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	Lower middle income
166	Panama	0	Latin America & Caribbean	High income
167	Peru	0	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income
168	Palau	0	East Asia & Pacific	High income
169	Papua New Guinea	0	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income
170	Poland	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
171	Puerto Rico (US)	0	Latin America & Caribbean	High income
172	Korea, Dem. People's Rep.	0	East Asia & Pacific	Low income
173	Portugal	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
174	Paraguay	0	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income
175	West Bank and Gaza	0	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	Lower middle income
176	French Polynesia	0	East Asia & Pacific	High income
177	Qatar	0	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	High income
178	Romania	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
179	Russian Federation	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
180	Rwanda	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income
181	Sudan	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income
182	Senegal	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income
183	Singapore	0	East Asia & Pacific	High income
184	Solomon Islands	0	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income
185	Sierra Leone	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income
186	El Salvador	0	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income
187	San Marino	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
188	Somalia, Fed. Rep.	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income
189	Serbia	0	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income
190	South Sudan	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income
191	Sao Tome and Principe	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income
192	Suriname	0	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income
193	Slovak Republic	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
194	Slovenia	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
195	Sweden	0	Europe & Central Asia	High income
196	Eswatini	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income
197	Sint Maarten (Dutch part)	0	Latin America & Caribbean	High income
198	Seychelles	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	High income
199	Syrian Arab Republic	0	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	Low income
200	Turks and Caicos Islands	0	Latin America & Caribbean	High income
201	Chad	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income
202	Togo	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income
203	Tajikistan	0	Europe & Central Asia	Lower middle income
204	Turkmenistan	0	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income
205	Timor-Leste	0	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income
206	Tonga	0	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income
207	Trinidad and Tobago	0	Latin America & Caribbean	High income
208	Tunisia	0	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	Lower middle income
209	Turkiye	0	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income
210	Tuvalu	0	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income
211	Tanzania	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income
212	Uganda	0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income
213	Ukraine	0	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income
214	Uruguay	0	Latin America & Caribbean	High income
215	Uzbekistan	0	Europe & Central Asia	Lower middle income
216	St. Vincent and the Grenadines	0	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income

Endemic reef-forming coral species